SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    87389, 87388, 87387, 87385, 87383, 87382, 
    87381, 87380, 87379, 87378, 87377, 
    87376, 87375, 87374, 87373, 87372, 
    87109, 87108, 87107, 87106
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00058

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_product_prices range usergroup,product_id,lower_limit,usergroup_id usergroup 9 40 Using where

Result

product_id price
87106 1.69000000
87107 1.69000000
87108 1.69000000
87109 1.69000000
87372 1.69000000
87373 1.69000000
87374 1.69000000
87375 1.69000000
87376 1.69000000
87377 1.69000000
87378 1.69000000
87379 1.69000000
87380 1.69000000
87381 1.69000000
87382 1.69000000
87383 1.69000000
87385 1.69000000
87387 1.69000000
87388 1.69000000
87389 1.69000000