SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    120592, 120591, 120590, 120589, 120588, 
    120587, 120586, 120585, 120584, 120583, 
    120582, 120581, 120580, 120579, 120578, 
    120577, 120576, 120575, 120574, 120573, 
    120572, 120571
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00077

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_product_prices range usergroup,product_id,lower_limit,usergroup_id usergroup 9 44 Using where

Result

product_id price
120571 1.69000000
120572 1.69000000
120573 1.69000000
120574 1.69000000
120575 1.69000000
120576 1.69000000
120577 1.69000000
120578 1.69000000
120579 1.69000000
120580 1.69000000
120581 1.69000000
120582 1.69000000
120583 1.69000000
120584 1.69000000
120585 1.69000000
120586 1.69000000
120587 1.69000000
120588 1.69000000
120589 1.69000000
120590 1.69000000
120591 1.69000000
120592 1.69000000