SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    80816, 80815, 80814, 80813, 80812, 80811, 
    80810, 80809, 80797, 80795, 80791, 
    80789, 80783, 80781, 80780, 80778, 
    81021, 81020, 81022, 80539
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00042

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_product_prices range usergroup,product_id,lower_limit,usergroup_id usergroup 9 40 Using where

Result

product_id price
80539 1.69000000
80778 1.69000000
80780 1.69000000
80781 1.69000000
80783 1.69000000
80789 1.69000000
80791 1.69000000
80795 1.69000000
80797 1.69000000
80809 1.69000000
80810 1.69000000
80811 1.69000000
80812 1.69000000
80813 1.69000000
80814 1.69000000
80815 1.69000000
80816 1.69000000
81020 1.69000000
81021 1.69000000
81022 1.69000000