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SELECT 
  f.feature_id, 
  f.purpose, 
  p.product_id, 
  p.parent_product_id, 
  g.id, 
  g.code 
FROM 
  cscart_product_variation_group_features AS f 
  INNER JOIN cscart_product_variation_groups AS g ON f.group_id = g.id 
  INNER JOIN cscart_product_variation_group_products AS p ON f.group_id = p.group_id 
WHERE 
  p.product_id IN (
    125358, 125461, 125089, 125066, 125487, 
    124934, 125127, 124797, 124795, 124990, 
    124970, 124816, 125134, 125133, 125030, 
    124778, 124470, 124653, 124477, 124475, 
    124857, 124312, 124309, 124180, 124483, 
    124302, 124301, 124033, 124449, 124269
  )

Query time 0.00017

Explain
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	p	range	PRIMARY,idx_group_id	PRIMARY	3		30	Using index condition
1	SIMPLE	g	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	3	toolboxdigitalshop_dev.p.group_id	1
1	SIMPLE	f	ref	idx_group_id	idx_group_id	3	toolboxdigitalshop_dev.p.group_id	7