SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    124642, 124641, 124640, 124639, 124638, 
    124637, 124636, 124635, 124634, 124633, 
    124632, 124631, 124630, 124629, 124628, 
    124627, 124626, 124625, 124624, 124623, 
    124622, 124621, 124620, 124619
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00059

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_product_prices range usergroup,product_id,lower_limit,usergroup_id usergroup 9 48 Using where

Result

product_id price
124619 1.69000000
124620 1.69000000
124621 1.69000000
124622 1.69000000
124623 1.69000000
124624 1.69000000
124625 1.69000000
124626 1.69000000
124627 1.69000000
124628 1.69000000
124629 1.69000000
124630 1.69000000
124631 1.69000000
124632 1.69000000
124633 1.69000000
124634 1.69000000
124635 1.69000000
124636 1.69000000
124637 1.69000000
124638 1.69000000
124639 1.69000000
124640 1.69000000
124641 1.69000000
124642 1.69000000