SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    121273, 121272, 121271, 121270, 121269, 
    121268, 121267, 121266, 121265, 121264, 
    121263, 121262, 121261, 121260, 121259, 
    121258, 121257, 121256, 121255, 121254, 
    121253, 121252, 121251
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00082

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_product_prices range usergroup,product_id,lower_limit,usergroup_id usergroup 9 46 Using where

Result

product_id price
121251 1.69000000
121252 1.69000000
121253 1.69000000
121254 1.69000000
121255 1.69000000
121256 1.69000000
121257 1.69000000
121258 1.69000000
121259 1.69000000
121260 1.69000000
121261 1.69000000
121262 1.69000000
121263 1.69000000
121264 1.69000000
121265 1.69000000
121266 1.69000000
121267 1.69000000
121268 1.69000000
121269 1.69000000
121270 1.69000000
121271 1.69000000
121272 1.69000000
121273 1.69000000