SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 6 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    62636, 62635, 62634, 62633, 62632, 62631, 
    62630, 62629, 62628, 62627, 62626, 
    62625, 62611, 62609, 62607, 62569, 
    62456, 61887, 60269, 62370, 62342, 
    62098, 62097, 61770, 61769, 61704, 
    60784, 60268, 62217, 61403, 61442, 
    62055, 61886, 61768, 60787, 60267, 
    62105, 61512, 62019, 61960
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00073

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_products_categories range PRIMARY,pt pt 3 41 Using where; Using index
1 SIMPLE cscart_categories eq_ref PRIMARY,c_status,p_category_id PRIMARY 3 toolboxdigitalshop_dev.cscart_products_categories.category_id 1 Using where
1 SIMPLE product_position_source eq_ref PRIMARY,pt PRIMARY 6 const,toolboxdigitalshop_dev.cscart_products_categories.product_id 1

Result

product_id category_ids position
60267 6M 0
60268 6M 0
60269 6M 0
60784 6M 0
60787 6M 0
61403 28,6M 0
61442 6M 0
61512 6M 0
61704 6M 0
61768 6M 0
61769 6M 0
61770 6M 0
61886 6M 0
61887 6M 0
61960 6M 0
62019 6M 0
62055 6M 0
62097 6M 0
62098 6M 0
62105 6M 0
62217 6M 0
62342 6M 0
62370 6M 0
62456 6M 0
62569 6M 0
62607 6M 0
62609 6M 0
62611 6M 0
62625 6M 0
62626 6M 0
62627 6M 0
62628 6M 0
62629 6M 0
62630 6M 0
62631 6M 0
62632 6M 0
62633 6M 0
62634 6M 0
62635 6M 0
62636 6M 0