SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    42450, 42449, 42448, 42447, 42446, 42445, 
    42444, 42443, 42442, 42441, 42440, 
    42439, 42438, 42437, 42436, 42435, 
    42433, 42271, 42270, 42269
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00058

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_product_prices range usergroup,product_id,lower_limit,usergroup_id usergroup 9 40 Using where

Result

product_id price
42269 1.69000000
42270 1.69000000
42271 8.99000000
42433 1.69000000
42435 1.69000000
42436 1.69000000
42437 1.69000000
42438 1.69000000
42439 1.69000000
42440 1.69000000
42441 1.69000000
42442 1.69000000
42443 1.69000000
42444 1.69000000
42445 1.69000000
42446 1.69000000
42447 1.69000000
42448 1.69000000
42449 1.69000000
42450 1.69000000