SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    59836, 59835, 59834, 59833, 59832, 59831, 
    59830, 59829, 59828, 59827, 59826, 
    59825, 59824, 59823, 59822, 59821, 
    59820, 59819, 59818, 59817, 59816, 
    59815, 59814, 59813, 59812, 59811, 
    59810, 59809
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00077

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_product_prices range usergroup,product_id,lower_limit,usergroup_id usergroup 9 56 Using where

Result

product_id price
59809 1.69000000
59810 1.69000000
59811 1.69000000
59812 1.69000000
59813 1.69000000
59814 1.69000000
59815 1.69000000
59816 1.69000000
59817 1.69000000
59818 1.69000000
59819 1.69000000
59820 1.69000000
59821 1.69000000
59822 1.69000000
59823 1.69000000
59824 1.69000000
59825 1.69000000
59826 1.69000000
59827 1.69000000
59828 1.69000000
59829 1.69000000
59830 1.69000000
59831 1.69000000
59832 1.69000000
59833 1.69000000
59834 1.69000000
59835 1.69000000
59836 1.69000000