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SELECT 
  f.feature_id, 
  f.purpose, 
  p.product_id, 
  p.parent_product_id, 
  g.id, 
  g.code 
FROM 
  cscart_product_variation_group_features AS f 
  INNER JOIN cscart_product_variation_groups AS g ON f.group_id = g.id 
  INNER JOIN cscart_product_variation_group_products AS p ON f.group_id = p.group_id 
WHERE 
  p.product_id IN (
    125139, 125138, 125136, 125123, 125652, 
    125492, 125025, 125024, 125020, 125568, 
    125566, 124982, 125496, 124870, 124859, 
    124858, 125412, 125411, 124963, 124733, 
    124731, 124573, 124546, 124358, 124737, 
    124650, 124299, 124231, 124217, 124215
  )

Query time 0.00026

Explain
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	p	range	PRIMARY,idx_group_id	PRIMARY	3		30	Using index condition
1	SIMPLE	g	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	3	toolboxdigitalshop_dev.p.group_id	1
1	SIMPLE	f	ref	idx_group_id	idx_group_id	3	toolboxdigitalshop_dev.p.group_id	7